基于双重自适应的六面体网格再生成方法

提出了一种以栅格法为基本方法,基于几何特征和物理场量双重自适应的六面体网格再生成方法。首先,依据旧网格的表面曲率和几何特征,采用基于栅格法的几何自适应网格再生成方法,生成密度受控的基础网格;然后,将旧网格的物理场量传递到基础网格中;最后,采用有限元误差估计方法对新网格单元的计算误差进行估计,对误差较大的单元进行加密,减...     

Reduced‐order modelling of an adaptive mesh ocean model

A novel proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) model has been developed for use with an advanced unstructured mesh finite‐element ocean model, the Imperial College Ocean Model (ICOM, described in detail below), which includes many recent developments in ocean modelling and numerical analysis. The advantages of the POD model developed here over existing POD approaches are the ability:

• 1. To increase accuracy when representing geostrophic balance (the balance between the Coriolis terms and the pressure gradient). This is achieved through the use of two sets of geostrophic basis functions where each one is calculated by basis functions for velocities u and v.
• 2. To speed up the POD simulation. To achieve this a new numerical technique is introduced, whereby a time‐dependent matrix in the discretized equation is rapidly constructed from a series of time‐independent matrices. This development imparts considerable efficiency gains over the often‐used alternative of calculating each finite element over the computational domain at each time level.
• 3. To use dynamically adaptive meshes in the above POD model.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于正弦控制因子的Lateral变异鲨鱼优化算法

针对传统鲨鱼优化算法在求解高维目标函数时,易早熟收敛,陷入局部最优的缺陷.提出一种基于正弦控制因子的Lateral变异鲨鱼优化算法.通过正弦曲线的特性和自适应惯性权重,改善了传统鲨鱼优化算法中由于随机选取控制因子数值大小可能导致算法在迭代后期全局搜索能力降低的问题,提高了算法在迭代后期的全局收敛能力,并对最佳鲨鱼位置引入Lateral变异策略,加强了算法跳出局部最优的可能性.改进后的算法对多个shifted单峰,多峰以及固定维测试函数进行求解,实验结果表明,对比多种不同优化算法而言,本文所提LSSO算法具有更高的收敛精度和搜索速度.     

Interface‐fitted moving mesh method for axisymmetric two‐phase flow in microchannels

A boundary‐fitted moving mesh scheme is presented for the simulation of two‐phase flow in two‐dimensional and axisymmetric geometries. The incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations are solved using the finite element method, and the mini element is used to satisfy the inf‐sup condition. The interface between the phases is represented explicitly by an interface adapted mesh, thus allowing a sharp transition of the fluid properties. Surface tension is modelled as a volume force and is discretized in a consistent manner, thus allowing to obtain exact equilibrium (up to rounding errors) with the pressure gradient. This is demonstrated for a spherical droplet moving in a constant flow field. The curvature of the interface, required for the surface tension term, is efficiently computed with simple but very accurate geometric formulas. An adaptive moving mesh technique, where smoothing mesh velocities and remeshing are used to preserve the mesh quality, is developed and presented. Mesh refinement strategies, allowing tailoring of the refinement of the computational mesh, are also discussed. Accuracy and robustness of the present method are demonstrated on several validation test cases. The method is developed with the prospect of being applied to microfluidic flows and the simulation of microchannel evaporators used for electronics cooling. Therefore, the simulation results for the flow of a bubble in a microchannel are presented and compared to experimental data.     

A cost‐effective curvature calculation approach for interfacial flows on unstructured meshes

We present a simple and cost‐effective curvature calculation approach for simulations of interfacial flows on structured and unstructured grids. The interface is defined using volume fractions, and the interface curvature is obtained as a function of the gradients of volume fractions. The gradient computation is based on a recently proposed gradient recovery method that mimicks the least squares approach without the need to solve a system of equations and is quite easy to implement on arbitrary polygonal meshes. The resulting interface curvature is used in a continuum surface force formulation within the framework of a well‐balanced finite‐volume algorithm to simulate multiphase flows dominated by surface tension. We show that the proposed curvature calculation is at least as accurate as some of the existing approaches on unstructured meshes while being straightforward to implement on any mesh topology. Numerical investigations also show that spurious currents in stationary problems that are dependent on the curvature calculation methodology are also acceptably low using the proposed approach. Studies on capillary waves and rising bubbles in viscous flows lend credence to the ability of the proposed method as an inexpensive, robust, and reasonably accurate approach for curvature calculation and numerical simulation of multiphase flows.     

An adaptive multilevel wavelet framework for scale‐selective WENO reconstruction schemes

We put forth a dynamic computing framework for scale‐selective adaptation of weighted essential nonoscillatory (WENO) schemes for the simulation of hyperbolic conservation laws exhibiting strong discontinuities. A multilevel wavelet‐based multiresolution procedure, embedded in a conservative finite volume formulation, is used for a twofold purpose. (i) a dynamic grid adaptation of the solution field for redistributing grid points optimally (in some sense) according to the underlying flow structures, and (ii) a dynamic minimization of the in built artificial dissipation of WENO schemes. Taking advantage of the structure detection properties of this multiresolution algorithm, the nonlinear weights of the conventional WENO implementation are selectively modified to ensure lower dissipation in smoother areas. This modification is implemented through a linear transition from the fifth‐order upwind stencil at the coarsest regions of the adaptive grid to a fully nonlinear fifth‐order WENO scheme at areas of high irregularity. Therefore, our computing algorithm consists of a dynamic grid adaptation strategy, a scale‐selective state reconstruction, a conservative flux calculation, and a total variation diminishing Runge‐Kutta scheme for time advancement. Results are presented for canonical examples drawn from the inviscid Burgers, shallow water, Euler, and magnetohydrodynamic equations. Our findings represent a novel direction for providing a scale‐selective dissipation process without a compromise on shock capturing behavior for conservation laws, which would be a strong contender for dynamic implicit large eddy simulation approaches.     

基于局部加密纯无网格法非线性Cahn-Hilliard方程的模拟

为数值求解描述不同物质间相位分离现象的高阶非线性Cahn-Hilliard(C-H)方程,发展了一种基于局部加密纯无网格有限点集法(local refinement finite pointset method,LR-FPM).其构造过程为:1)将C-H方程中四阶导数降阶为两个二阶导数,连续应用基于Taylor展开和加权最小二乘法的FPM离散空间导数;2)对区域进行局部加密和采用五次样条核函数以提高数值精度;3)局部线性方程组求解中准确施加含高阶导数Neumann边值条件.随后,运用LR-FPM求解有解析解的一维/二维C-H方程,分析粒子均匀分布/非均匀分布以及局部粒子加密情况的误差和收敛阶,展示了LR-FPM较网格类算法在非均匀布点情况下的优点.最后,采用LR-FPM对无解析解的一维/二维C-H方程进行了数值预测,并与有限差分结果相比较.数值结果表明,LR-FPM方法具有较高的数值精度和收敛阶,比有限差分法更易数值实现,能够准确展现不同类型材料间相位分离非线性扩散现象随时间的演化过程.     

Hierarchical 3D micro flower-like Co3O4 structures for NO2 detection at room temperature

Micro flowers-like Co₃O₄ structures have been synthesized by a low-cost single-step hydrothermal route. The XRD pattern and Raman spectra confirmed the cubic crystal structure of Co₃O₄ and FESEM images displayed that the synthesized Co₃O₄ attained a flower-like morphology. The higher sensor response ∼22% was recorded for hierarchical 3D flower-like Co₃O₄ structures at room temperature for 60 ppm NO₂ exposure with response (recovery) time of the order of ∼25 (70) s respectively. The flower-like Co₃O₄ structures attained a reversible, highly stable and selective response towards NO₂ at room temperature.     

A Runge-Kutta–based WENO reconstruction on moving mesh for compressible fluids

In this paper, we construct a high-order moving mesh method based on total variation diminishing Runge-Kutta and weighted essential nonoscillatory reconstruction for compressible fluid system. Beginning with the integral form of fluid system, we get the semidiscrete system with an arbitrary mesh velocity. We use weighted essential nonoscillatory reconstruction to get the space accuracy on moving meshes, and the time accuracy is obtained by modified Runge-Kutta method; the mesh velocity is determined by moving mesh method. One- and two-dimensional numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficient and accurate performance of the scheme.     

Evolution of vortices in the wake of an ARJ21 airplane: Application of the lift-drag model

Wake separation is crucial to aircraft landing safety and is an important factor in airport operational efficiency. The near-ground evolution characteristics of wake vortices form the foundation of the wake separation system design. In this study, we analysed the near-ground evolution of vortices in the wake of a domestic aircraft ARJ21 initialised by the lift-drag model using large eddy simulations based on an adaptive mesh. Evolution of wake vortices formed by the main wing, flap and horizontal tail was discussed in detail. The horizontal tail vortices are the weakest and dissipate rapidly, whereas the flap vortices are the strongest and induce the tip vortex to merge with them. The horizontal tail and flap of an ARJ21 do not significantly influence the circulation evolution, height change and movement trajectory of the wake vortices. The far-field evolution of wake vortices can therefore be analysed using the conventional wake vortex model.